.. SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause Copyright 2013-2024, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org .. _workbook: The Workbook Class ================== The Workbook class is the main class exposed by the XlsxWriter module and it is the only class that you will need to instantiate directly. The Workbook class represents the entire spreadsheet as you see it in Excel and internally it represents the Excel file as it is written on disk. Constructor ----------- .. py:function:: Workbook(filename [,options]) Create a new XlsxWriter Workbook object. :param string filename: The name of the new Excel file to create. :param dict options: Optional workbook parameters. See below. :rtype: A Workbook object. The ``Workbook()`` constructor is used to create a new Excel workbook with a given filename:: import xlsxwriter workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('filename.xlsx') worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Hello Excel') workbook.close() .. image:: _images/workbook01.png The constructor options are: * **constant_memory**: Reduces the amount of data stored in memory so that large files can be written efficiently:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'constant_memory': True}) Note, in this mode a row of data is written and then discarded when a cell in a new row is added via one of the worksheet ``write_()`` methods. Therefore, once this mode is active, data should be written in sequential row order. For this reason the :func:`add_table()` and :func:`merge_range()` Worksheet methods don't work in this mode. See :ref:`memory_perf` for more details. * **tmpdir**: ``XlsxWriter`` stores workbook data in temporary files prior to assembling the final XLSX file. The temporary files are created in the system's temp directory. If the default temporary directory isn't accessible to your application, or doesn't contain enough space, you can specify an alternative location using the ``tmpdir`` option:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'tmpdir': '/home/user/tmp'}) The temporary directory must exist and will not be created. * **in_memory**: To avoid the use of temporary files in the assembly of the final XLSX file, for example on servers that don't allow temp files, set the ``in_memory`` constructor option to ``True``:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'in_memory': True}) This option overrides the ``constant_memory`` option. .. Note:: This option used to be the recommended way of deploying XlsxWriter on Google APP Engine since it didn't support a ``/tmp`` directory. However, the Python 3 Runtime Environment in Google App Engine supports a `filesystem with read/write access to /tmp `_ which means this option isn't required. * **strings_to_numbers**: Enable the :ref:`worksheet. `:func:`write()` method to convert strings to numbers, where possible, using :func:`float()` in order to avoid an Excel warning about "Numbers Stored as Text". The default is ``False``. To enable this option use:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'strings_to_numbers': True}) * **strings_to_formulas**: Enable the :ref:`worksheet. `:func:`write()` method to convert strings to formulas. The default is ``True``. To disable this option use:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'strings_to_formulas': False}) * **strings_to_urls**: Enable the :ref:`worksheet. `:func:`write()` method to convert strings to urls. The default is ``True``. To disable this option use:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'strings_to_urls': False}) * **use_future_functions**: Enable the use of newer Excel "future" functions without having to prefix them with with ``_xlfn.``. The default is ``False``. To enable this option use:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'use_future_functions': True}) See also :ref:`formula_future`. * **max_url_length**: Set the maximum length for hyperlinks in worksheets. The default is 2079 and the minimum is 255. Versions of Excel prior to Excel 2015 limited hyperlink links and anchor/locations to 255 characters each. Versions after that support urls up to 2079 characters. XlsxWriter versions >= 1.2.3 support the new longer limit by default. However, a lower or user defined limit can be set via the ``max_url_length`` option:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'max_url_length': 255}) * **nan_inf_to_errors**: Enable the :ref:`worksheet. `:func:`write()` and :func:`write_number()` methods to convert ``nan``, ``inf`` and ``-inf`` to Excel errors. Excel doesn't handle NAN/INF as numbers so as a workaround they are mapped to formulas that yield the error codes ``#NUM!`` and ``#DIV/0!``. The default is ``False``. To enable this option use:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'nan_inf_to_errors': True}) * **default_date_format**: This option is used to specify a default date format string for use with the :ref:`worksheet. `:func:`write_datetime()` method when an explicit format isn't given. See :ref:`working_with_dates_and_time` for more details:: xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'default_date_format': 'dd/mm/yy'}) * **remove_timezone**: Excel doesn't support timezones in datetimes/times so there isn't any fail-safe way that XlsxWriter can map a Python timezone aware datetime into an Excel datetime in functions such as :func:`write_datetime`. As such the user should convert and remove the timezones in some way that makes sense according to their requirements. Alternatively the ``remove_timezone`` option can be used to strip the timezone from datetime values. The default is ``False``. To enable this option use:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'remove_timezone': True}) See also :ref:`Timezone Handling in XlsxWriter `. * **use_zip64**: Use ZIP64 extensions when writing the xlsx file zip container to allow files greater than 4 GB. This is the same as calling :func:`use_zip64` after creating the Workbook object. This constructor option is just syntactic sugar to make the use of the option more explicit. The following are equivalent:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'use_zip64': True}) # Same as: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename) workbook.use_zip64() See the note about the Excel warning caused by using this option in :func:`use_zip64`. * **date_1904**: Excel for Windows uses a default epoch of 1900 and Excel for Mac uses an epoch of 1904. However, Excel on either platform will convert automatically between one system and the other. XlsxWriter stores dates in the 1900 format by default. If you wish to change this you can use the ``date_1904`` workbook option. This option is mainly for enhanced compatibility with Excel and in general isn't required very often:: workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(filename, {'date_1904': True}) When specifying a filename it is recommended that you use an ``.xlsx`` extension or Excel will generate a warning when opening the file. The ``Workbook()`` method also works using the ``with`` context manager. In which case it doesn't need an explicit `close()` statement:: with xlsxwriter.Workbook('hello_world.xlsx') as workbook: worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello world') It is possible to write files to in-memory strings using BytesIO as follows:: from io import BytesIO output = BytesIO() workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(output) worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello') workbook.close() xlsx_data = output.getvalue() To avoid the use of any temporary files and keep the entire file in-memory use the ``in_memory`` constructor option shown above. See also :ref:`ex_http_server`. workbook.add_worksheet() ------------------------ .. function:: add_worksheet([name]) Add a new worksheet to a workbook. :param string name: Optional worksheet name, defaults to Sheet1, etc. :rtype: A :ref:`worksheet ` object. :raises DuplicateWorksheetName: if a duplicate worksheet name is used. :raises InvalidWorksheetName: if an invalid worksheet name is used. :raises ReservedWorksheetName: if a reserved worksheet name is used. The ``add_worksheet()`` method adds a new worksheet to a workbook. At least one worksheet should be added to a new workbook. The :ref:`Worksheet ` object is used to write data and configure a worksheet in the workbook. The ``name`` parameter is optional. If it is not specified, or blank, the default Excel convention will be followed, i.e. Sheet1, Sheet2, etc.:: worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet() # Sheet1 worksheet2 = workbook.add_worksheet('Foglio2') # Foglio2 worksheet3 = workbook.add_worksheet('Data') # Data worksheet4 = workbook.add_worksheet() # Sheet4 .. image:: _images/workbook02.png The worksheet name must be a valid Excel worksheet name: * It must be less than 32 characters. This error will raise a :exc:`InvalidWorksheetName` exception. * It cannot contain any of the characters: ``[ ] : * ? / \``. This error will raise a :exc:`InvalidWorksheetName` exception. * It cannot begin or end with an apostrophe. This error will raise a :exc:`InvalidWorksheetName` exception. * You cannot use the same, case insensitive, ``name`` for more than one worksheet. This error will raise a :exc:`DuplicateWorksheetName` exception. * You should not use the Excel reserved name "History", or case insensitive variants as this is restricted in English, and other, versions of Excel. The rules for worksheet names in Excel are explained in the Microsoft Office documentation on how to `Rename a worksheet `_. workbook.add_format() --------------------- .. py:function:: add_format([properties]) Create a new Format object to formats cells in worksheets. :param dictionary properties: An optional dictionary of format properties. :rtype: A :ref:`format ` object. The ``add_format()`` method can be used to create new :ref:`Format ` objects which are used to apply formatting to a cell. You can either define the properties at creation time via a dictionary of property values or later via method calls:: format1 = workbook.add_format(props) # Set properties at creation. format2 = workbook.add_format() # Set properties later. See the :ref:`format` section for more details about Format properties and how to set them. workbook.add_chart() -------------------- .. py:function:: add_chart(options) Create a chart object that can be added to a worksheet. :param dictionary options: An dictionary of chart type options. :rtype: A :ref:`Chart ` object. This method is use to create a new chart object that can be inserted into a worksheet via the :func:`insert_chart()` Worksheet method:: chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'}) The properties that can be set are:: type (required) subtype (optional) name (optional) * ``type`` This is a required parameter. It defines the type of chart that will be created:: chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'line'}) The available types are:: area bar column doughnut line pie radar scatter stock * ``subtype`` Used to define a chart subtype where available:: workbook.add_chart({'type': 'bar', 'subtype': 'stacked'}) See the :ref:`chart_class` for a list of available chart subtypes. * ``name`` Set the name for the chart sheet:: chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'name': 'MyChart'}) The name property is optional and if it isn't supplied it will default to ``Chart1``, ``Chart2``, etc. The name must be a valid Excel chart name. .. Note:: A chart can only be inserted into a worksheet once. If several similar charts are required then each one must be created separately with ``add_chart()``. See also :ref:`working_with_charts` and :ref:`chart_examples`. workbook.add_chartsheet() ------------------------- .. function:: add_chartsheet([sheetname]) Add a new add_chartsheet to a workbook. :param string sheetname: Optional chartsheet name, defaults to Chart1, etc. :rtype: A :ref:`chartsheet ` object. The ``add_chartsheet()`` method adds a new chartsheet to a workbook. .. image:: _images/chartsheet.png See :ref:`chartsheet` for details. The ``sheetname`` parameter is optional. If it is not specified the default Excel convention will be followed, i.e. Chart1, Chart2, etc. The chartsheet name must be a valid Excel worksheet name. See :func:`add_worksheet()` for the limitation on Excel worksheet names. workbook.close() ---------------- .. py:function:: close() Close the Workbook object and write the XLSX file. :raises FileCreateError: if there is a file or permissions error during writing. :raises DuplicateTableName: if a duplicate worksheet table name was added. :raises EmptyChartSeries: if a chart is added without a data series. :raises UndefinedImageSize: if an image doesn't contain height/width data. :raises UnsupportedImageFormat: if an image type isn't supported. :raises FileSizeError: if the filesize would require ZIP64 extensions. The workbook ``close()`` method writes all data to the xlsx file and closes it:: workbook.close() This is a required method call to close and write the xlsxwriter file, unless you are using the ``with`` context manager, see below. The ``Workbook`` object also works using the ``with`` context manager. In which case it doesn't need an explicit ``close()`` statement:: With xlsxwriter.Workbook('hello_world.xlsx') as workbook: worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello world') The workbook will close automatically when exiting the scope of the ``with`` statement. The most common exception during ``close()`` is ``FileCreateError`` which is generally caused by a write permission error. On Windows this usually occurs if the file being created is already open in Excel. This exception can be caught in a ``try`` block where you can instruct the user to close the open file before overwriting it:: while True: try: workbook.close() except xlsxwriter.exceptions.FileCreateError as e: decision = input("Exception caught in workbook.close(): %s\n" "Please close the file if it is open in Excel.\n" "Try to write file again? [Y/n]: " % e) if decision != 'n': continue break The ``close()`` method can only write a file once. It doesn't behave like a save method and it cannot be called multiple times to write a file at different stages. If it is called more than once it will raise a ``UserWarning`` in order to help avoid issues where a file is closed within a loop or at the wrong scope level. See also :ref:`ex_check_close`. workbook.set_size() ------------------- .. py:function:: set_size(width, height) Set the size of a workbook window. :param int width: Width of the window in pixels. :param int height: Height of the window in pixels. The ``set_size()`` method can be used to set the size of a workbook window:: workbook.set_size(1200, 800) The Excel window size was used in Excel 2007 to define the width and height of a workbook window within the Multiple Document Interface (MDI). In later versions of Excel for Windows this interface was dropped. This method is currently only useful when setting the window size in Excel for Mac 2011. The units are pixels and the default size is 1073 x 644. Note, this doesn't equate exactly to the Excel for Mac pixel size since it is based on the original Excel 2007 for Windows sizing. Some trial and error may be required to get an exact size. workbook.tab_ratio() -------------------- .. py:function:: set_tab_ratio(tab_ratio) Set the ratio between the worksheet tabs and the horizontal slider. :param float tab_ratio: The tab ratio between 0 and 100. The ``set_tab_ratio()`` method can be used to set the ratio between worksheet tabs and the horizontal slider at the bottom of a workbook. This can be increased to give more room to the tabs or reduced to increase the size of the horizontal slider: .. image:: _images/tab_ratio.png The default value in Excel is 60. It can be changed as follows:: workbook.set_tab_ratio(75) workbook.set_properties() ------------------------- .. py:function:: set_properties(properties) Set the document properties such as Title, Author etc. :param dict properties: Dictionary of document properties. The ``set_properties()`` method can be used to set the document properties of the Excel file created by ``XlsxWriter``. These properties are visible when you use the ``Office Button -> Prepare -> Properties`` option in Excel and are also available to external applications that read or index windows files. The properties that can be set are: * ``title`` * ``subject`` * ``author`` * ``manager`` * ``company`` * ``category`` * ``keywords`` * ``comments`` * ``status`` * ``hyperlink_base`` * ``created`` - the file creation date as a :class:`datetime.date` object. The properties are all optional and should be passed in dictionary format as follows:: workbook.set_properties({ 'title': 'This is an example spreadsheet', 'subject': 'With document properties', 'author': 'John McNamara', 'manager': 'Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz', 'company': 'of Wolves', 'category': 'Example spreadsheets', 'keywords': 'Sample, Example, Properties', 'created': datetime.date(2018, 1, 1), 'comments': 'Created with Python and XlsxWriter'}) .. image:: _images/doc_properties.png See also :ref:`ex_doc_properties`. workbook.set_custom_property() ------------------------------ .. py:function:: set_custom_property(name, value [, property_type]) Set a custom document property. :param name: The name of the custom property. :param value: The value of the custom property (various types). :param property_type: The type of the property. Optional. :type name: string :type property_type: string The ``set_custom_property()`` method can be used to set one or more custom document properties not covered by the standard properties in the ``set_properties()`` method above. For example:: date = datetime.strptime('2016-12-12', '%Y-%m-%d') workbook.set_custom_property('Checked by', 'Eve') workbook.set_custom_property('Date completed', date) workbook.set_custom_property('Document number', 12345) workbook.set_custom_property('Reference number', 1.2345) workbook.set_custom_property('Has review', True) workbook.set_custom_property('Signed off', False) .. image:: _images/custom_properties.png Date parameters should be :class:`datetime.datetime` objects. The optional ``property_type`` parameter can be used to set an explicit type for the custom property, just like in Excel. The available types are:: text date number bool However, in almost all cases the type will be inferred correctly from the Python type, like in the example above. Note: the ``name`` and ``value`` parameters are limited to 255 characters by Excel. Custom properties can also be used to set Sensitivity Labels. Sensitivity Labels are a property that can be added to an Office 365 document to indicate that it is compliant with a company's information protection policies. Sensitivity Labels have designations like "Confidential", "Internal use only", or "Public" depending on the policies implemented by the company. They are generally only enabled for enterprise versions of Office. See the following Microsoft documentation on how to `Apply sensitivity labels to your files and email `_. Sensitivity Labels are generally stored as custom document properties so they can be enabled using ``set_custom_property()``. However, since the metadata differs from company to company you will need to extract some of the required metadata from sample files. The first step is to create a new file in Excel and set a non-encrypted sensitivity label. Then unzip the file by changing the extension from `.xlsx` to `.zip` or by using a command line utility like this: .. code-block:: bash $ unzip myfile.xlsx -d myfile Archive: myfile.xlsx inflating: myfile/[Content_Types].xml inflating: myfile/docProps/app.xml inflating: myfile/docProps/custom.xml inflating: myfile/docProps/core.xml inflating: myfile/_rels/.rels inflating: myfile/xl/workbook.xml inflating: myfile/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml inflating: myfile/xl/styles.xml inflating: myfile/xl/theme/theme1.xml inflating: myfile/xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels Then examine the ``docProps/custom.xml`` file from the unzipped xlsx file. The file doesn't contain newlines so it is best to view it in an editor that can handle XML or use a commandline utility like libxml’s `xmllint`_ to format the XML for clarity: .. _xmllint: https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/libxml2/xmllint.html .. code-block:: xml $ xmllint --format myfile/docProps/custom.xml true 2024-01-01T12:00:00Z Privileged Confidential cb46c030-1825-4e81-a295-151c039dbf02 88124cf5-1340-457d-90e1-0000a9427c99 2 The MSIP (Microsoft Information Protection) labels in the ``name`` attributes contain a GUID that is unique to each company. The "SiteId" field will also be unique to your company/location. The meaning of each of these fields is explained in the the following Microsoft document on `Microsoft Information Protection SDK - Metadata `_. Once you have identified the necessary metadata you can add it to a new document as shown below:: import xlsxwriter workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("sensitivity_label.xlsx") worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() # Metadata extracted from a company specific file. company_guid = "2096f6a2-d2f7-48be-b329-b73aaa526e5d" site_id = "cb46c030-1825-4e81-a295-151c039dbf02" action_id = "88124cf5-1340-457d-90e1-0000a9427c99" # Add the document properties. Note that these should all be in text format. workbook.set_custom_property(f"MSIP_Label_{company_guid}_Enabled", "true", "text") workbook.set_custom_property(f"MSIP_Label_{company_guid}_SetDate", "2024-01-01T12:00:00Z", "text") workbook.set_custom_property(f"MSIP_Label_{company_guid}_Method", "Privileged", "text") workbook.set_custom_property(f"MSIP_Label_{company_guid}_Name", "Confidential", "text") workbook.set_custom_property(f"MSIP_Label_{company_guid}_SiteId", site_id, "text") workbook.set_custom_property(f"MSIP_Label_{company_guid}_ActionId", action_id, "text") workbook.set_custom_property(f"MSIP_Label_{company_guid}_ContentBits", "2", "text") workbook.close() Note, some sensitivity labels require that the document is encrypted. In order to extract the required metadata you will need to unencrypt the file which may remove the sensitivity label. In that case you may need to use a third party tool such as `msoffice-crypt`_. .. _msoffice-crypt: https://github.com/herumi/msoffice workbook.define_name() ---------------------- .. py:function:: define_name() Create a defined name in the workbook to use as a variable. :param string name: The defined name. :param string formula: The cell or range that the defined name refers to. This method is used to defined a name that can be used to represent a value, a single cell or a range of cells in a workbook. These are sometimes referred to as a "Named Range". Defined names are generally used to simplify or clarify formulas by using descriptive variable names:: workbook.define_name('Exchange_rate', '=0.96') worksheet.write('B3', '=B2*Exchange_rate') .. image:: _images/defined_name.png As in Excel a name defined like this is "global" to the workbook and can be referred to from any worksheet:: # Global workbook name. workbook.define_name('Sales', '=Sheet1!$G$1:$H$10') It is also possible to define a local/worksheet name by prefixing it with the sheet name using the syntax ``'sheetname!definedname'``:: # Local worksheet name. workbook.define_name('Sheet2!Sales', '=Sheet2!$G$1:$G$10') If the sheet name contains spaces or special characters you must follow the Excel convention and enclose it in single quotes:: workbook.define_name("'New Data'!Sales", '=Sheet2!$G$1:$G$10') The rules for names in Excel are explained in the Microsoft Office documentation on how to `Define and use names in formulas `_. See also :ref:`ex_defined_name`. workbook.add_vba_project() -------------------------- .. py:function:: add_vba_project(vba_project[, is_stream]) Add a vbaProject binary to the Excel workbook. :param vba_project: The vbaProject binary file name. :param bool is_stream: The vba_project is an in memory byte stream. The ``add_vba_project()`` method can be used to add macros or functions to a workbook using a binary VBA project file that has been extracted from an existing Excel xlsm file:: workbook.add_vba_project('./vbaProject.bin') Only one ``vbaProject.bin`` file can be added per workbook. The name doesn't have to be ``vbaProject.bin``. Any suitable path/name for an existing VBA bin file will do. The ``is_stream`` parameter is used to indicate that ``vba_project`` refers to a BytesIO byte stream rather than a physical file. This can be used when working with the workbook ``in_memory`` mode. See :ref:`macros` for more details. workbook.add_signed_vba_project() --------------------------------- .. py:function:: add_signed_vba_project(vba_project, signature [, project_is_stream, [ signature_is_stream ]]): Add a vbaProject binary and a vbaProjectSignature binary to the Excel workbook. :param vba_project: The vbaProject binary file name. :param signature: The vbaProjectSignature binary file name. :param bool project_is_stream: The vba_project is an in memory byte stream. :param bool signature_is_stream: The signature is an in memory byte stream. The ``add_signed_vba_project()`` method can be used to add digitally signed macros or functions to a workbook. The method adds a binary VBA project file and a binary VBA project signature file that have been extracted from an existing Excel xlsm file with digitally signed macros: workbook.add_signed_vba_project('./vbaProject.bin', './vbaProjectSignature.bin') Only one ``vbaProject.bin`` file can be added per workbook. The name doesn't have to be ``vbaProject.bin``. Any suitable path/name for an existing VBA bin file will do. The same applies for ``vbaProjectSignature.bin``. The ``project_is_stream`` (``signature_is_stream``, resp.) parameter is used to indicate that ``vba_project`` (``signature``, resp.) refers to a BytesIO byte stream rather than a physical file. This can be used when working with the workbook ``in_memory`` mode. See :ref:`macros` for more details. workbook.set_vba_name() ----------------------- .. py:function:: set_vba_name(name) Set the VBA name for the workbook. :param string name: The VBA name for the workbook. The ``set_vba_name()`` method can be used to set the VBA codename for the workbook. This is sometimes required when a vbaProject macro included via ``add_vba_project()`` refers to the workbook. The default Excel VBA name of ``ThisWorkbook`` is used if a user defined name isn't specified. See :ref:`macros` for more details. workbook.worksheets() --------------------- .. py:function:: worksheets() Return a list of the worksheet objects in the workbook. :rtype: A list of :ref:`worksheet ` objects. The ``worksheets()`` method returns a list of the worksheets in a workbook. This is useful if you want to repeat an operation on each worksheet in a workbook:: for worksheet in workbook.worksheets(): worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello') workbook.get_worksheet_by_name() -------------------------------- .. function:: get_worksheet_by_name(name) Return a worksheet object in the workbook using the sheetname. :param string name: Name of worksheet that you wish to retrieve. :rtype: A :ref:`worksheet ` object. The ``get_worksheet_by_name()`` method returns the worksheet or chartsheet object with the given ``name`` or ``None`` if it isn't found:: worksheet = workbook.get_worksheet_by_name('Sheet1') workbook.get_default_url_format() --------------------------------- .. function:: get_default_url_format() Return a format object. :rtype: A :ref:`format ` object. The ``get_default_url_format()`` method gets a copy of the default url format used when a user defined format isn't specified with :func:`write_url`. The format is the hyperlink style defined by Excel for the default theme:: url_format = workbook.get_default_url_format() workbook.set_calc_mode() ------------------------ .. py:function:: set_calc_mode(mode) Set the Excel calculation mode for the workbook. :param string mode: The calculation mode string Set the calculation mode for formulas in the workbook. This is mainly of use for workbooks with slow formulas where you want to allow the user to calculate them manually. The ``mode`` parameter can be: * ``auto``: The default. Excel will re-calculate formulas when a formula or a value affecting the formula changes. * ``manual``: Only re-calculate formulas when the user requires it. Generally by pressing F9. * ``auto_except_tables``: Excel will automatically re-calculate formulas except for tables. workbook.use_zip64() -------------------- .. py:function:: use_zip64() Allow ZIP64 extensions when writing the xlsx file zip container. Use ZIP64 extensions when writing the xlsx file zip container to allow files greater than 4 GB. .. Note:: When using the ``use_zip64()`` option the zip file created by the Python standard library ``zipfile.py`` may cause Excel to issue a warning about repairing the file. This warning is annoying but harmless. The "repaired" file will contain all of the data written by XlsxWriter, only the zip container will be changed. workbook.read_only_recommended() -------------------------------- .. py:function:: read_only_recommended() Add a recommendation to open the file in "read-only" mode. This method can be used to set the Excel "Read-only Recommended" option that is available when saving a file. This presents the user of the file with an option to open it in "read-only" mode. This means that any changes to the file can't be saved back to the same file and must be saved to a new file. It can be set as follows:: import xlsxwriter workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('file.xlsx') worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() workbook.read_only_recommended() workbook.close() Which will raise a dialog like the following when opening the file: .. image:: _images/read_only.png